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Foxhall, L., & Salmon, J. B. (Eds.) (1998a). When men were men: masculinity, power, and identity in classical antiquity. Leicester–Nottingham Studies in Ancient Society, vol. 8. London; New York: Routledge. Contents: Brief his- tory of tears / Hans Van Wees —Machismo of the Athenian Empire, or the reign of the phaulus? / Paul Car- tledge —Violence, masculinity and the law in classical Athens / Nick Fisher —Sex and paternity / Eireann Marshall —Masculinity of the Hellenistic king / Jim Roy —Sexing a Roman / Jane F. Gardner —Experi- encing the male body in Roman Egypt / Dominic Montserrat —Imperial cult / Susan Fischler —Cube and the square / Jill Harries —All that may become a man / Keith Hopwood —Arms and the man / Richard Alston.

Foxhall, L., & Salmon, J. B. (Eds.) (1998b). Thinking Men: masculinity, power, and identity in classical antiquity.Leices- ter–Nottingham studies in ancient society, vol. 7. London: Routledge. Contents: Constrained man / Matthew Fox —Sculpted men of Athens / Robin Osborne —Masculine values, feminine forms / Emma J. Stafford —Natural sex / Lin Foxhall —Eros the blacksmith / Margaret Williamson —Male body as spectacle in Attic drama / Richard Hawley —Rape and young manhood in Athenian comedy / Alan H. Sommerstein —Un- derstanding the men in Menander / Angela Heap —Ideals of masculinity in New Comedy / Karen F. Pierce —Juvenal, Satire 2 / Jonathan Walters —In the name of the father / Mary Harlow —Old Adam / Gillian Clark —Hero of our time / Felicity Rosslyn.

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Gökarıksel, B., & Secor, A. J. (2017). Devout Muslim Masculinities: The Moral Geographies and Everyday Practices of Being Men in Turkey. Gender, Place & Culture, 24(3), 381-402.

Graver, Margaret (1998). The manhandling of Maecenas: Senecan abstractions of masculinity. American journal of philology, 119(4), 607–632.

Graziosi, Barbara & Haubold, Johannes (2003).Homeric masculinity: [énorén] and [ágenorín]. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 123, 60–76.

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Heap, Angela (1998). Understanding the men in Menander. In Foxhall, L., & Salmon, J. B. (Eds.). Thinking Men: masculinity, power, and identity in classical antiquity.Leicester–Nottingham studies in ancient society, vol. 7. London: Routledge.

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Hopwood, Keith (1998). All that may become a man. In Foxhall, L., & Salmon, J. B. (Eds.). When men were men: masculinity, power, and identity in classical antiquity. London; New York: Routledge.

Hua, S. (1998). Sexualität und Patriarchat: eine kulturvergelichende Darstellung zum Verhältnis der Geschlechter im antiken Griechenland und alten China. Bochum: Vapet-Verlag. Originally presented as author’s thesis (doctoral), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 1998.

Humpert, C. (2001). Wege zur Männlichkeit im Rom der Späten Republik: Cicero und die adulescentia seiner Zeit. Halle: Trift.

James, Sharon L. (1998). From boys to men: rape and developing masculinity in Terence’s Hecyra and Eunuchus. Helios, 25(1), 31–47.

Kampen, N., & Bergmann, B. A. (Eds.) (1996). Sexuality in ancient art: Near East, Egypt, Greece, and Italy. Cambridge studies in new art history and criticism. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press. Includes: Phallus as signifier: the forum of Augustus and rituals of masculinity / Barbara Kellum —Hypersexual black men in Augustan baths: ideal somatotypes and apotropaic magic / John Clarke.

Keith, Alison M. (1999). Versions of epic masculinity in Ovid’s “Metamorphoses”. In P. Hardie, A. Barchiesi, & S. Hinds (Eds.), Ovidian Transformations. Essays on the Metamorphoses and its Reception, pp. 214–239. Cambridge Philological Society Supplementary Vol. 23. Cambridge.

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Kilinski II, Karl (1998). Greek masculine powers in the manifestations of Zeus. In Van Keuren, F. D. (Ed.). Myth, sexuality and power images of Jupiter in Western art: papers delivered at the Georgia Museum of Art in connection with the exhibition, Jupiter’s loves and his children, February 8, 1997. Archaeologia transatlantica, 16. Providence, R.I.: Center for Old World Archaeology and Art, Brown University.

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Kuefler, Mathew Stephen (2001). The manly eunuch: masculinity, gender ambiguity, and Christian ideology in late antiquity. Chicago (Ill.): University of Chicago Press. [Kuefler, Mathew Stephen (1995). Eunuchs and other men: the crisis and transformation of masculinity in the later Roman west. Diss. YaleUniversityNew Haven (Conn.)]

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Loraux, N. (1995). The experiences of Tiresias: the feminine and the Greek man. Princeton, N.J.: PrincetonUniversity Press.

Marshall, Eireann (1998). Sex and paternity. In Foxhall, L., & Salmon, J. B. (Eds.). When men were men: masculinity, power, and identity in classical antiquity. London; New York: Routledge.

Marin, Moisés Mayordomo (2006). Construction of Masculinity in Antiquity and Early Christianity. Lectio Difficilior, 6(2), [1-33].

Martin, Dale B. (2001). Contradictions of masculinity: ascetic inseminators and menstruating men in Greco-Roman culture. In Finucci, V., & Brownlee, K. (Ed.). Generation and degeneration: tropes of reproduction in literature and history from antiquity through early modern Europe. Durham [N.C.]: Duke University Press.

Masterson, Mark Anthony (2001). Roman manhood at the end of the ancient world. Thesis (Ph. D.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles(Calif.).

Masterson, Mark (2004). Occluding (?) Lens: The Turn to Masculinity in Roman Studies. In Marilyn B. Skinner (Ed.),Gender and Diversity in Place. Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Feminism and Classics, May 27-30, 2004, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. [http://www.stoa.org/diotima/essays/fc04/Masterson.html]

Masterson, Mark (2005). Statius’ Thebaid and the realization of roman manhood. Phoenix, 59(3-4), 288–315.

McDonnell, M. A. (2006). Roman manliness: virtus and the RomanRepublic. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press. [Contents: Virtus and early Latin, 12–16 —Plautus and Roman comedy, 16–33 —Early Latin inscrip- tions, 33–43 —Early Latin epic, tragedy, and history, 44–50 —M. Porcius Cato, 50–59 —Virtus and martial courage in the Middle republic, 59–71 — Hellenization and ‘Apetnì: semantic borrowing —Bilingualism and semantic calque, 72–84 —Virtus and Fortuna, 84–95 —Virtute deum, 95–104 — ‘Apetnì and manly virtus —Semantic borrowing and popular theater, 105–107 —Virtus as human excellence, 107–110 —Ethical vir- tus, 110–128 —Virtus and the canonical “virtues”, 128–134 —Virtus as a political value, 134–141 —Visual representations of virtus —Visualization of abstract concepts in ancient Rome, 142–146 —Virtus as the armed amazon, 146–149 —Virtus and the mounted warrior, 149–154 —The equestrian image in republican Rome, 154–158 —The boundaries of manliness —Virtus, slaves, and foreigners, 159–161 —Virtus and women, 161–165 —Virtus and sexuality, 165–168 —Fatherhood, family, and wealth: virtus and private life, 168–173 —Man and boy: patria potestas and virtus, 173–180 —Manliness in republican Rome —Teaching manli- ness, 181–185 —Aristocrats and horses, 185–195 —Institutional constraints on displays of manliness, 195– 205 —Divine virtus, M. Claudius Marcellus and Roman politics —Manliness and politics, 206–209 — Abstract deities and divine virtus, 209–212 —Virtus and honos, 212–228 —Breaking the constraints, 228– 235 —Marcellus’successors, 235–240 —Virtus contested —The experience of war, 242–247 —Equites equo publico, 248–258 —Cultural change and hellenism 259–265 —The new man of virtus, 265–267 —Marius and the gods, 267–271 —Competing definitions of manliness, 271–290 —Virtus and the legacy of Marius, 290–292 —Virtus imperatoris —Virtus in the late republic, 293–295 —The virtus of Pompey, 295–300 — Virtus and Caesar’s commentaries, 300–319 —Manliness redefined —Virtus and the new man, 320–332 — Imperator togatus: Cicero’s claim to virtus, 332–355 —The dual nature of virtus in Sallust, 356–384 —Epi- logue: Roman manliness and the principate, 385–389]

McLaren, A. (2007). Impotence: a cultural history. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [Includes chapter: The impenetrable penetrator: manhood in Greece and Rome]

Montserrat, Dominic (1998). Experiencing the male body in Roman Egypt. In Foxhall, L., & Salmon, J. B. (Eds.), When men were men: masculinity, power, and identity in classical antiquity. London; New York: Routledge.

Moore, Stephen D. & Anderson, Janice Capel (1998). Taking It like a Man: Masculinity in 4 Maccabees. Journal of Biblical Literature, 117(2), 249-273.

Moxnes, H. (1997). Conventional Values in the Hellenistic World: Masculinity. In Bilde, P. (Ed.). Conventional values of the Hellenistic Greeks. Studies in Hellenistic civilization, 8. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, pp. 263-284.

Osborne, Robin (1998). Sculpted men of Athens. In Foxhall, L., & Salmon, J. B. (Eds.) Thinking Men: masculinity, power, and identity in classical antiquity. Leicester–Nottingham studies in ancient society, vol. 7. London: Routledge.

Peers, C. (2006). What does a pedagogue look like? Masculinity and the repression of sexual difference in ancient education. Discourse, 27(2), 189–208.

Pierce, Karen F. (1998). Ideals of masculinity in New Comedy. In Foxhall, L., & Salmon, J. B. (Eds.). Thinking Men: masculinity, power, and identity in classical antiquity.Leicester–Nottingham studies in ancient society, vol. 7. London: Routledge.

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Rodeheffer, Jane (2001). From Manly Courage to Philosophical Courage: A Dialogue Between, Plato’s Laches and Phaedo. In McLachlan, J. (2002). Philosophical and religious conceptions of the person and their implications for ethical, political, and social thought. Problems in contemporary philosophy, vol. 52. Lewiston, N.Y.: E. Mellen Press.

Roisman, J. (2005). The rhetoric of manhood masculinity in the Attic orators. Joan Palevsky imprint in classical literature. Berkeley: University of California Press. Contents: Introduction 1. Manly Youth / 2. The Roles and Respon- sibilities of the Adult Male: Kurios, Husband, Son, Kinsman, Friend, and Citizen / 3. Manly Shame / 4. Man- hood and Social Standing / 5. Man in the Military / 6. The Struggle over Power / 7. Men, Desires, and Self–Control 8. What Men Fear / Conclusion. Old Age and Manipulating Manhood.

Rosen, R. M., & Sluiter, I. (Eds.) (2003). Andreia: studies in manliness and courage in classical antiquity. Leiden; Boston: Brill. Includes: Semantics of manliness in ancient Greece / Karen Bassi —Andreia of Xenocles / G.I.C. Robertson —Marvelous Andreia / Sarah E. Harrell —Andreia of the Hippocratic physician and the problem of incurables / Ralph M. Rosen and Manfred Horstmanshoff —Most citizens are Europroktoi now / Adriaan Rademaker —Rhetoric of courage in the Athenian orators / Joseph Roisman —High Cost of Andreia at Athens / Edward E. Cohen —Ordeal of the divine sign / Peter T. Struck —Aristotle on Andreia, divine and sub–human virtues / Marguerite Deslauriers —Paradoxical Andreia / Helen Cullyer —Roman men and Greekvirtue / Myles McDonnell —Andreia and the Askèsis–culture in the Roman East / Onno van Nijf —Like the labors of Heracles / Joy Connolly —Plutarch’s manly women / Jeremy McInerney.

Rosslyn, Felicity (1998). Hero of our time. In Foxhall, L., & Salmon, J. B. (Eds.), Thinking Men: masculinity, power, and identity in classical antiquity.Leicester–Nottingham studies in ancient society, vol. 7. London: Routledge.

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Sarsila, J. (2006). A short history of manliness: outlines of “Virtus”in Roman Republican literature until Livy; a contribution to the history of virtue ethics. [Elimaki, Vaskirinteentie 3 B 24]: [Juhani Sarsila].

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Sergent, B., Sergent, B., & Sergent, B. (1996). Homosexualité et initiation chez les peuples indo-européens. Paris: Payot. Combines two earlier works: L’Homosexualité dans la mythologie grecque(1984) and L’Homosexualité initiatique dans l’Europe ancienne(1986).

Skinner, Marilyn B. (1993). Ego Mulier: The Construction of Male Sexuality in Catullus. Helios, 20, 107–130. Resprinted in Hallett, J. P., & Skinner, M. B. (Eds.) (1997). Roman sexualities. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 129–150.

Sommerstein, Alan H. (1998). Rape and young manhood in Athenian comedy. In Foxhall, L., & Salmon, J. B. (Eds.). Thinking Men: masculinity, power, and identity in classical antiquity.Leicester–Nottingham studies in ancient society, vol. 7. London: Routledge.

Stafford, Emma J. (1998). Masculine values, feminine forms. In Foxhall, L., & Salmon, J. B. (Eds.), Thinking Men: masculinity, power, and identity in classical antiquity.Leicester–Nottingham studies in ancient society, vol. 7. London: Routledge.

Sternberg, R.H. (2000). The nurturing male: bravery and bedside manners in Isocrates’ Aegineticus (19.24-9). Greece & Rome, 2nd Ser., 47(2), 172-185.

Strauss, B. S. (1993). Fathers and Sons in Athens:ideology and society in the era of the Peloponnesian War. London: Routledge. [Contents: 1. Introduction: Solidarity Or Conflict?/ 1; ch.2. Intellectual Paternity/ 21; Appendix to Chapter 2: Patrios and Pater/ 57; ch.3. Solidarity: Proud Fathers, Obedient Sons/ 61; ch.4. Conflict: The Sons of Theseus/ 100; ch.5. The Hour of the Son, ca. 450–414 BC/ 130; ch.6. The Return of the Father, 413– 399 BC/ 179; Conclusion/ 212]

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Walters, Jonathan (1993b). Ancient Roman concepts of manhood and their relation with other markers of social status. Thesis (Ph. D.)—University of Cambridge.

Walters, Jonathan (1997). Invading the Roman body: manliness and impenetrability in Roman thought. In Hallett, J. P., & Skinner, M. B. (Eds.). Roman sexualities.Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 29-43.

Watanabe, A. (2003). The masculinity of Hippothoos. Ancient narrative, 3, 1–42.

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