Also see “The sexualisation of children and young people” in the sub-section on “Children, Young People, Adolescence and Sexuality” in the “Sexualities” section.
Introductory materials
Children’s Commissioner. (2023). ‘A lot of it is actually just abuse’: Young people and pornography. London, UK: Children’s Commissioner.
eSafety Commission. (2023a). Accidental, unsolicited and in your face: Young people’s encounters with online pornography: a matter of platform responsibility, education and choice: Office of the eSafety Commissioner (Australia).
Flood, Michael. (2009). The Harms of Pornography Exposure Among Children and Young People. Child Abuse Review 18: 384-400. URL: http://www.xyonline.net/content/harms-pornography-exposure-among-children-and-young-people
Hornor, G. (2020). Child and adolescent pornography exposure. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 34(2), 191-199.
Horvath, M.A.H., Alys, L., Massey, K., Pina, A., Scally, M. & Adler, J. (2013). “Basically... porn is everywhere”: A rapid evidence assessment on the effects that access and exposure to pornography has on children and young people. London: Office for the Children’s Commissioner. (http://www.childrenscommissioner.gov.uk/content/publications)
Martellozzo, Elena, Andrew Monaghan, Joanna R Adler, Julia Davidson, Rodolfo Leyva, and Miranda AH Horvath. (2016). “ I wasn’t sure it was normal to watch it…” A quantitative and qualitative examination of the impact of online pornography on the values, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of children and young people. London: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) and the Children’s Commissioner for England.
Wright, Paul J. (2014). Pornography and the Sexual Socialization of Children: Current Knowledge and a Theoretical Future. Journal of Children and Media, 8(3): 305-312. DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2014.923606.
Further materials
Albright, J.M. (2008). Sex in America online: an exploration of sex, marital status, and sexual identity in internet sex seeking and its impacts. J Sex Res; 45: 175-186.
Allen, Louisa. (2006). “Looking at the Real Thing”: Young men, pornography, and sexuality education. Discourse, Volume 27, Number 1, March, pp. 69-83.
American Psychological Association. (2007). Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Andrie, E. K., Sakou, I. I., Tzavela, E. C., Richardson, C., & Tsitsika, A. K. (2021). Adolescents’ online pornography exposure and its relationship to sociodemographic and psychopathological correlates: A cross-sectional study in six European countries. Children, 8(10), 925.
Atwell, N. (2019). School Counselor Experiences or Perspectives in an Age of Increasing Pornography Use and Sexual Behaviors of Students.
Australian Feminist Studies. (2008). Volume 23 Issue 57, Special issue: The Child.
The child / Mary Spongberg.
Child politics, feminist analyses / Barbara Baird.
Girls, sexuality and the strange carnalities of advertisements: Deconstructing the Discourse of Corporate Paedophilia / R. Danielle Egan; Gail Hawkes.
The question of intolerance: ‘Corporate Paedophilia’ and Child Sexual Abuse Moral Panics / Abigail Bray.
‘She’s kickin’ ass, that’s what she’s doing!’ Deconstructing Childhood ‘Innocence’ in Media Representations / Kerry H. Robinson; Cristyn Davies.
Sexual offences against ‘children’ and the question of judicial gender bias / Steven Angelides.
Towards a ‘non-indifferent’ account of child protection / Damien W. Riggs.
‘We can change the face of this future’: Television Transforming the Fat Child / Rachel Kendrick.
What is a princess? Developing an Animated TV Program for Small Girls / Jackie Cook; Wilson Main.
Inventory of childhood / Rosslyn Prosser.
Australian Psychological Society. (2015, April 14). APS highlights concerns about the harmful impacts of pornography. InPsych, April 2015. Retrieved from https://www.psychology.org.au/inpsych/2015/april/sampson/
Baird, B. (2013). National virtue and the ‘media sexualisation of children’ discourse in Australia. Sexualities, 16(5-6): 651-664.
Baker, K. E. (2016). Online pornography–Should schools be teaching young people about the risks? An exploration of the views of young people and teaching professionals. Sex Education, 16(2), 213-228.
Ballester-Arnal, R., Gil-Julia, B., Elipe-Miravet, M., Giménez-García, C., & Gil-Llario, M. D. (2023). Experiences and Psychological Impact Derived from Unwanted Exposure to Online Pornography in Spanish Adolescents. Sexuality Research and Social Policy. doi:10.1007/s13178-023-00888-y
Ballester-Arnal, R., Giménez-García, C., Gil-Llario, M. D., & Castro-Calvo, J. (2016). Cybersex in the “Net Generation”: Online Sexual Activities among Spanish Adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 261-266.
Bártová, K., Androvičová, R., Krejčová, L., Weiss, P., & Klapilová, K. (2020). The Prevalence of Paraphilic Interests in the Czech Population: Preference, Arousal, the Use of Pornography, Fantasy, and Behavior. The Journal of Sex Research, 1-11. doi:10.1080/00224499.2019.1707468
Berger, A., Gagnon, J., & Simon, W. (1971). Pornography: High school and college years. Technical Report of the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography (Vol. 9, pp. 165–208). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Bernstein, S., Warburton, W., Bussey, K., & Sweller, N. (2023). Mind the Gap: Internet Pornography Exposure, Influence and Problematic Viewing Amongst Emerging Adults. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 20(2), 599-613. doi:10.1007/s13178-022-00698-8
Bleakley A, Hennessy M, Fishbein M, Jordan A. (2008). It works both ways: the relationship between exposure to sexual content in the media and adolescent sexual behavior. Media Psychol; 11: 443-461.
Boies, Sylvain C., Gail Knudson, and Julian Young. (2004). The Internet, Sex, and Youths: Implications for Sexual Development. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 11(4), October-December, pp. 343-363.
Boniel-Nissim, M., Efrati, Y., & Dolev-Cohen, M. (2020). Parental mediation regarding children’s pornography exposure: The role of parenting style, protection motivation and gender. The Journal of Sex Research, 57(1), 42-51.
Bonino, S., S. Ciairano, E. Rabaglietti, and E. Cattelino. (2006). Use of pornography and self-reported engagement in sexual violence among adolescents. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 3(3): 265-288.
Bőthe, B., Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P., Dion, J., Paquette, M.-M., Massé-Pfister, M., Tóth-Király, I., & Bergeron, S. (2022). A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents’ Pornography Use Frequency, Motivations, and Problematic Use Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51(1), 139-156. doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02282-4
Bragg, Sara, and David Buckingham. (2004). Embarrassment, education and erotics: the sexual politics of family viewing. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 7(4): 441-459.
Braithwaite, S. R., Aaron, S. C., Dowdle, K. K., Spjut, K., & Fincham, F. D. (2015). Does Pornography Consumption Increase Participation in Friends with Benefits Relationships?. Sexuality & Culture, 1-20.
Braithwaite, S. R., Coulson, G., Keddington, K., & Fincham, F. D. (2015). The influence of pornography on sexual scripts and hooking up among emerging adults in college. Archives of sexual behavior, 44(1), 111-123.
Braun-Courville, D. K., & Rojas, M. (2009). Exposure to sexually explicit web sites and adolescent sexual attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(2), 156-162.
Brown, J. D. (2000). Adolescents’ sexual media diets. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27(2, Supplement 1): 35-40.
Brown, J. D., and K.L. L’Engle. (2009). X-rated: Sexual attitudes and behaviors associated with US early adolescents’ exposure to sexually explicit media. Communication Research, 36, 129-151.
Brown, J.D., C.T. Halpern, and K.L. L’Engle. (2005). Mass media as a sexual super peer for early maturing girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36(5): 420-7.
Bryant, C. (2009). Adolescence, Pornography and Harm. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
Buckingham, David, and Sara Bragg. (2003). Young People, Media and Personal Relationships. UK: Advertising Standards Authority.
Buckingham, David, and Sara Bragg. (2004). Young People, Sex and the Media: the facts of life? Palgrave Macmillan.
Introduction * Talking Dirty: Research Methods * Living and Learning * Boy Meets Boy Meets Girl Meets Girl: Gender, Sexuality and Performance * Bodies on Display: Pin-ups, Porn and Pop Stars * Dirty Laundry: Private Lives, Public Confessions * Show and Tell: Learning from Television Drama * Family Viewing: Embarrassment, Education and Erotics * Governing the Living Room: From Morality to Ethics * Conclusion.
Buckingham, David, and Sara Bragg. (2005). Opting in to (and out of) childhood: young people, sex and the media. In: Qvortrup, Jens ed. Studies in Modern Childhood: Society, Agency, Culture. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 59–77.
Burke, S., Purvis, M., Sandiford, C., & Klettke, B. (2023a). “It’s Not a One-Time Conversation”;: Australian Parental Views on Supporting Young People in Relation to Pornography Exposure. Psych, 5(2), 508-525. https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8611/5/2/34
Cameron, K. A., L. F. Salazar, J. M. Bernhardt, N. Burgess-Whitman, G. M. Wingood, and R. J. DiClemente. (2005). Adolescents’ experience with sex on the web: results from online focus groups. Journal of Adolescence, 28(4): 535-540.
Carboni, N., & Bhana, D. (2017). Forbidden Fruit: The Politics of Researching Young People’s Use of Online Sexually Explicit Materials in South African Schools. Sex Education, 17(6), 635-646.
Carpentier, F. R. D. (2014). When Sex Is on the Air: Impression Formation After Exposure to Sexual Music. Sexuality & Culture, 18(4), 818-832.
Carroll, J. S., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Nelson, L. J., Olson, C. D., Barry, C. M., & Madsen, S. D. (2008). Generation XXX: Pornography acceptance and use among emerging adults. Journal of Adolescent Research, 23(1): 6-30.
Chaleunvong, K., Xayhongkham, S., Ha, B. T. T., Samontry, B., Sychareun, V., & Durham, J. (2023). Viewing Pornography and Its Associated Factors Among University Health Students in Lao PDR. Trends in Psychology. doi:10.1007/s43076-023-00331-6
Chang, F. C., Chiu, C. H., Miao, N. F., Chen, P. H., Lee, C. M., & Chiang, J. T. (2016). Predictors of unwanted exposure to online pornography and online sexual solicitation of youth. Journal of health psychology, 21(6), 1107-1118.
Christakis, D. A., and F. J. Zimmerman. (2007). Violent Television Viewing During Preschool Is Associated With Antisocial Behavior During School Age. Pediatrics, 120(5): 993-999.
Clancy, E. M., Howard, D., Chong, S., & Klettke, B. (2021). Dream It, Do It? Associations between Pornography Use, Risky Sexual Behaviour, Sexual Preoccupation and Sexting Behaviours among Young Australian Adults. Sexes, 2(4), 433-444. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5118/2/4/34
Collins, RL, Elliott MN, Berry SH, Kanouse DE, Kunkel D, Hunter SB, Miu A. (2004). Watching sex on television predicts adolescent initiation of sexual behavior. Pediatrics, 114(3): e280-289.
Comstock, G., Scharrer, E., & Powers, J. (2014). The contribution of meta-analysis to the controversy over television violence and aggression. Media Violence and Children: A Complete Guide for Parents and Professionals, 381.
Cowan, Gloria, and Robin R. Campbell. (1995). Rape causal attitudes among adolescents. Journal of Sex Research, 32(2).
Coyne, S. M., Ward, L. M., Kroff, S. L., Davis, E. J., Holmgren, H. G., Jensen, A. C., . . . Essig, L. W. (year?). Contributions of Mainstream Sexual Media Exposure to Sexual Attitudes, Perceived Peer Norms, and Sexual Behavior: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Adolescent Health. 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.11.016
Crabbe, M., Flood, M., & Adams, K. (2024). Pornography exposure and access among young Australians: a cross-sectional study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 100135.
Daneback, K., Ševčíková, A., & Ježek, S. (2018). Exposure to online sexual materials in adolescence and desensitization to sexual content. Sexologies, 27(3), e71-e76
Davis, A., Carrotte, E., Hellard, M., Temple-Smith, M., & Lim, M. (2017). “I think it has been a negative influence in many ways but at the same time I can’t stop using it”: self-identified problematic pornography use among a sample of young Australians. Sexually transmitted infections, 93(Suppl 2), A195.
Dawson, K. (2018). Educating Ireland: Promoting Porn Literacy among Parents and Children. Porn Studies, 1-4.
Dawson, K., Nic Gabhainn, S., & MacNeela, P. (2019). Dissatisfaction with School Sex Education Is Not Associated with Using Pornography for Sexual Information. Porn Studies, 6(2), 245-257.
Dawson, K., Nic Gabhainn, S., & MacNeela, P. (2019). Toward a Model of Porn Literacy: Core Concepts, Rationales, and Approaches. The Journal of Sex Research, 1-15. 10.1080/00224499.2018.1556238
Dawson, K., Nic Gabhainn, S., Willis, M., & MacNeela, P. (2021). Development of a Measure to Assess What Young Heterosexual Adults Say They Learn About Sex from Pornography. Archives of Sexual Behavior. doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02059-9
Day, A. (2014). Getting the ‘blues’: the existence, diffusion and influence of pornography on young peoples’ sexual health in Sierra Leone. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 16(2), 178-189. doi:10.1080/13691058.2013.855819
Dean, Liz. (2007). Young Men, Pornography & Sexual Health Promotion. Masters Thesis, School of Applied Social Science, Faculty of Health, University of Brighton.
Dill, K.E., and K.P. Thill. (2007) Video game characters and the socialization of gender roles: Young people’s perceptions mirror sexist media depictions. Sex Roles, Vol. 57, No. 11-12, Pp 851-864.
Dombrowski, S.C., K.L. Gischlar, and T. Durst. (2007). Safeguarding young people from cyber pornography and cyber sexual predation: a major dilemma of the internet. Child Abuse Review, 16(3): 153-170.
Donevan, M., & Mattebo, M. (2017). The relationship between frequent pornography consumption, behaviours, and sexual preoccupancy among male adolescents in Sweden. Sexual & reproductive healthcare: official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives, 12, 82-87.
Donevan, M., Jonsson, L., Bladh, M., Priebe, G., Fredlund, C., & Svedin, C. G. (2022). Adolescents’ Use of Pornography: Trends over a Ten-year Period in Sweden. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51(2), 1125-1140. doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02084-8
Dowd, N.E., D.G. Singer, and R.F. Wilson (eds.). (2005). Handbook of Children, Culture, and Violence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Introduction / Nancy E. Dowd.
Prologue: Developmental Variations Among Children and Adolescents: An Overview of the Research and Policy Implications / Dorothy G. Singer.
Part I. Children as Victims.
1. Child Witnessing of Domestic Violence / Naomi Cahn.
2. Domestic Violence and Child Protection: Confronting the Dilemmas in Moving From Family Court to Dependency Court / Thomas D. Lyon and Mindy B. Mechanic.
3. Sexually Predatory Parents and the Children in Their Care: Remove the Threat, Not the Child / Robin Fretwell Wilson.
4. Exposure to Pornography as a Cause of Child Sexual Victimization / Diana E.H. Russell and Natalie Purcell.
5. Statutory Rape: An Empirical Examination of Claims of “Overreaction” / Ross E. Cheit and Laura Braslow.
6. Mitigating the Impact of Publicity on Child Crime Victims and Witnesses / Charles Putnam and David Finkelhor.
Part II. Children as Consumers of Violence.
7. The Violent Shadows of Children’s Culture / John Cech.
8. A Preliminary Demography of Television Violence / Nancy Signorielli.
9. Protecting Children’s Welfare in an Anxiety-Provoking Media Environment / Joanne Cantor.
10. The Impact of Violent Music on Youth / Barbara J. Wilson and Nicole Martins.
11. How Real Is the Problem of TV Violence? Research and Policy Perspectives / Dale Kunkel and Lara Zwarun.
12. Violent Video Games: Effects on Youth and Public Policy Implications / Douglas A. Gentile and Craig A. Anderson.
13. Positive Features of Video Games / Laurie N. Taylor.
14. Children, Adolescents, and the Culture of Online Hate / Brendesha Tynes.
15. Constitutional Obstacles to Regulating Violence in the Media / Catherine J. Ross.
Part III. Children as Perpetrators of Violence.
16. Peer Victimization: The Nature and Prevalence of Bullying Among Children and Youth / Susan P. Limber.
17. Bullying and Violence in American Schools / Ellen de Lara.
18. Judging Juvenile Responsibility: A Social Ecological Perspective / Mark R. Fondacaro and Lauren G. Fasig.
19. Adult Punishment for Juvenile Offenders: Does It Reduce Crime? / Richard E. Redding.
20. Psychopathy Assessment and Juvenile Justice Mental Health Evaluations / Matthew Owen Howard, Michael K. Dayton, Kirk A. Foster, Michael G. Vaughn and John L. Zelner.
21. Cleaning Up Toxic Violence: An EcoGenerist Paradigm / Barbara Bennett Woodhouse.
Dudek, D., Woodley, G., & Green, L. (2021). ‘Own your narrative’: teenagers as producers and consumers of porn in Netflix’s Sex Education. Information, Communication & Society, 1-14. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2021.1988130
Duimel, Marion, and Jos de Haan (2006). Nieuwe Links in het gezin: de digitale leefwereld van tieners en de rol van hun ouders (New links in the family: the digital world of teenagers and the role of their parents) Den Haag: SCP.
Elias, J. (1971). Exposure of adolescents to erotic materials. Technical report of the commission on obscenity and pornography (Vol. 9, pp. 373–411). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
English, B. (2005, May 12). The secret life of boys: Pornography is a mouse click away, and kids are being exposed to it in ever-increasing numbers. The Boston Globe, p. D1.
eSafety Commission. (2023b). Young people and pornography: methodology report: Office of the eSafety Commissioner (Australia).
Escobar-Chaves, S. L., S.R. Tortolero, C.M. Markham, B.L. Low, P. Eitel, and P. Thickstun. (2005). Impact of the Media on Adolescent Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors. Pediatrics, 116(1): 303-26.
Ey, L., (2015) Sexy culture, sexy kids: How can we guide our children. In Highfield, K, Sims, M & Cupit, C. G (eds), Quality Play and Media in childhood education and care, Australian Council on Children and the Media, pp. 58-70.
Ey, L., & McInnes, E., (2015). Sexualised Music Videos Broadcast on Australian Free-to-air Television in Child-friendly Time Periods. Children Australia, vol. 40. no. 1, pp.58-68. http://journals.cambridge.org/repo_A96HJApqvbhWhE. (got copy)
Ey, Lesley-anne. (2013). Primary School Children’s Imitation of Sexualised Music Videos and Artists. Children Australia, 38(3):1-9. DOI: 10.1017/cha.2013.15.
Farina, R. E. (2022). Adolescent pornography consumption: A symbolic interactionist lens. Journal of Family Theory & Review, n/a(n/a). doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12445
Ferguson, C. J., Nielsen, R. K. L., & Markey, P. M. (2017). Does Sexy Media Promote Teen Sex? A Meta-Analytic and Methodological Review. Psychiatric Quarterly, 88(2), 349-358, doi:10.1007/s11126-016-9442-2.
Fernández-Ruiz, M., López-Entrambasaguas, O. M., Martínez-Linares, J. M., & Granero-Molina, J. (2023). Young Women’s Attitudes and Concerns Regarding Pornography and Their Sexual Experiences: A Qualitative Approach. Healthcare, 11(21), 2877. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/21/2877
Fleming, Michele J., Shane Greentree, Dayana Cocotti-Muller, Kristy A. Elias, and Sarah Morrison. (2006). Safety in Cyberspace: Adolescents’ Safety and Exposure Online. Youth & Society, 38(2): 135-154.
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Flood, Michael, and Clive Hamilton. (2003b). Regulating Youth Access to Pornography. Canberra: The Australia Institute, Discussion Paper No. 53, March. URL: https://www.tai.org.au/node/916
Flood, Michael. (2007). Exposure to Pornography Among Youth in Australia. Journal of Sociology, 43(1): 45-60. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234028278_Exposure_to_Pornography_Among_Youth_in_Australia?ev=prf_pub.
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Frøvik, K. J., & Torstensen, L. R. (2021). Pornoprat: Slik tar du den viktige samtalen med barn og unge (Porn talk: This is how you take the important conversation with children and youths). Spartacus.
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Hearn, J., A. Hirdman, M. Jyrkinen and S. V. Knudsen (2007). Unge, kjoenn og pornografi i Norden – Mediestudier [Young people, gender and pornography in the Nordic region – media studies]. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers.
Heins, Marjorie. (2001). Not in Front of the Children: “Indecency”, Censorship, and the Innocence of Youth. New York: Hill and Wang.
Helsper, Ellen. (2005). R18 material: its potential impact on people under 18 - An overview of the available literature. Research review conducted by London School of Economics for Ofcom UK, May.
Herbitter, C., Norris, A. L., Nelson, K. M., & Orchowski, L. M. (2021). Understanding Associations Between Exposure to Violent Pornography and Teen Dating Violence Among Female Sexual Minority High School Students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 0(0), 08862605211028314. doi:10.1177/08862605211028314
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Srivastava, S., Chauhan, S., Patel, R., Marbaniang, S. P., Kumar, P., Dhillon, P., & Pandey, N. (2023). Exposure to Pornographic Content Among Indian Adolescents and Young Adults and Its Associated Risks: Evidence from UDAYA Survey in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 52(1), 361-372. doi:10.1007/s10508-022-02411-7
Stanley, N., Barter, C., Wood, M., Aghtaie, N., Larkins, C., Lanau, A., & Överlien, C. (2018). Pornography, sexual coercion and abuse and sexting in young people’s intimate relationships: a European study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(19), 2919-2944.
Stephens, D. P., and A. L. Few. (2007). The Effects of Images of African American Women in Hip Hop on Early Adolescents’ Attitudes Toward Physical Attractiveness and Interpersonal Relationships. Sex Roles, 56(3-4): 251.
Stokes, C.E. (2007) Representin’ in cyberspace: Sexual scripts, self-definition & hip-hop culture in Black American adolescent girl’s home pages. Culture, Health & Sexuality, Vol. 9, No. 2, Pp 169-184.
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Strasburger, Victor C., and Barbara J. Wilson. (eds.). (2002). Children, Adolescents, & the Media. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Includes;
5. Sexuality and the media.
9. The Internet / Edward Donnerstein.
Strouse, J. S., Goodwin, M. P., & Roscoe, B. (1994). Correlates of attitudes toward sexual harassment among early adolescents. Sex Roles, 31, 559-577.
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Štulhofer, A. (2021). Is Male Adolescents’ Sexual Aggressiveness Better Explained by Prior Pornography Use or Callousness? A Brief Report. Sexual Abuse, 33(3), 361-373. doi:10.1177/1079063220952777
Štulhofer, A., Kohut, T., & Koletić, G. (2022). Pornography use in adolescence and young adulthood. In D. P. VanderLaan & W. I. Wong (Eds.), Gender and Sexuality Development (pp. 385-421): Springer.
Štulhofer, A., Tafro, A., & Kohut, T. (2019). The Dynamics of Adolescents’ Pornography Use and Psychological Well-Being: A Six-Wave Latent Growth and Latent Class Modeling Approach. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 10.1007/s00787-019-01318-4
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Suwarni, L., & Wahyuni, Y. I. (2023). Effects of Exposure to Pornography in Junior High School Students. Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 1(2), 16-26.
Svedin, C. G., Donevan, M., Bladh, M., Priebe, G., Fredlund, C., & Jonsson, L. S. (2023). Associations between adolescents watching pornography and poor mental health in three Swedish surveys. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(9), 1765-1780. doi:10.1007/s00787-022-01992-x
Third Baltic Sea Women’s Conference on Women and Democracy in Tallinn 13-14 February, 2003, Workshop: Pornophication of Public Space.
Includes;
The Mainstreaming of Pornography in Mass Culture / Anette Dina Sørensen.
Accessibility of Violent Pornography on the Internet / Ragnhild Bjørnebekk.
Girls’ Magazines and the Sexualization of Youth Culture / Ane Stø.
Setting Limits: Young Girls Campaigning Against Sexualization / Marte Brekke Michelet.
Tigert, J. (2022). Pornography as Pedagogy. In L. Allen & M. L. Rasmussen (Eds.), The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Sexuality Education (pp. 1-8). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
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Vandenbosch, L. (2015). Antecedents of adolescents’ exposure to different types of sexually explicit Internet material: A longitudinal study. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 439-448.
Vangeel, L., Eggermont, S., & Vandenbosch, L. (2020). Does Adolescent Media Use Predict Sexual Stereotypes in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood? Associations with Music Television and Online Pornography Exposure. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(4), 1147-1161. doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01677-z
Vera Cruz, G., & Sheridan, T. (2021). The Normalization of Violence during Sex among Young Mozambicans Reportedly under the Influence of Pornography. Sexuality & Culture. doi:10.1007/s12119-021-09898-7
Vertongen, R., Chamberlain, K., & van Ommen, C. (2022). Pornography and adolescents: unravelling dominant research assumptions. Porn Studies, 1-15. doi:10.1080/23268743.2022.2114532
Villani, S. (2001). Impact of media on children and adolescents: A 10-year review of the research. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, Apr; 40(4): 392-401.
von Feilitzen, Cecilia, and Ulla Carlsson. (eds.). (2000). Children in the New Media Landscape: Games, pornography, perceptions. Goteberg, Sweden: UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen. (Especially section, “Pornography and Sex in the Media”)
Wahl, D. W. (2023). Pornographic turning points in the life course: uses of pornography in sexual self-development. Porn Studies, 1-17. doi:10.1080/23268743.2023.2262475
Walker, S., Temple-Smith, M., Higgs, P., & Sanci, L. (2015). ‘It’s always just there in your face’: young people’s views on porn. Sexual health, 12(3), 200-206.
Wallmyr, G., and C. Welin. (2006). Young People, Pornography, and Sexuality: Sources and Attitudes. Journal of School Nursing, 22(5): 290-295.
Ward, L. M. (1995). Talking about sex: Common themes about sexuality in the prime-time television programs children and adolescents view most. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 24, 595-615.
Ward, L. M. (2002). Does television exposure affect emerging adults’ attitudes and assumptions about sexual relationships? Correlational and experimental confirmation. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 31, 1-15.
Ward, L. M. (2003). Understanding the role of entertainment media in the sexual socialization of American youth: A review of empirical research. Developmental Review, 23, 347-388.
Ward, L. M. (2004a, March). The sexy/cool ideal: Contributions of media use to adolescents’gender and sexual schema. Poster/paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Baltimore, MD.
Ward, L. M. (2004b). Wading through the stereotypes: Positive and negative associations between media use and Black adolescents’ conceptions of self. Developmental Psychology, 40, 284-294.
Ward, L. M. (2016). Media and sexualization: State of empirical research, 1995-2015. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(4-5), 560-577.
Ward, L. M., & Averitt, L. (2005, November). Associations between media use and young adults’ perceptions of first intercourse. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association, Boston.
Ward, L. M., & Rivadeneyra, R. (1999). Contributions of entertainment television to adolescents’ sexual attitudes and expectations: The role of viewing amount versus viewer involvement. Journal of Sex Research, 36, 237-249.
Ward, L. M., and K. Friedman. (2006). Using TV as a guide: Associations between television viewing and adolescents’ sexual attitudes and behavior. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16, 133-156.
Ward, L. M., Hansbrough, E., & Walker, E. (2005). Contributions of music video exposure to black adolescents’ gender and sexual schemas. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20, 143-166.
Ward, L. M., Merriwether, A., & Caruthers, A. (2006a). Breasts are for men: Media use, masculinity ideology, and men’s beliefs about women’s bodies. Sex Roles, 55, 703-744.
Ward, L. M., Merriwether, A., & Caruthers, A. (2006b, April). Media use, gender ideology, and beliefs about women’s bodies. Paper presented at the biennial Gender Development Conference, San Francisco.
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Werner-Wilson, R. J., J. L. Fitzharris, and K. M. Morrissey. (2004). Adolescent and parent perceptions of media influence on adolescent sexuality. Adolescence, 39(154): 303.
Williams, Katherine S. (2005). Facilitating safer choices: Use of warnings to dissuade viewing of pornography on the internet. Child Abuse Review, Volume 14, Number 6, November, pp. 415-429.
Wingood, G. M., DiClemente, R. J., Harrington, K., Davies, S., Hook III, E. W., & Oh, M. K. (2001). Exposure to X-rated movies and adolescents’ sexual and contraceptive-related attitudes and behaviors. Pediatrics, 107, 1116-1119.
Wolak, J., K. Mitchell, and D. Finkelhor. (2007). Unwanted and Wanted Exposure to Online Pornography in a National Sample of Youth Internet Users. Pediatrics, 119(2): 247-257.
Wright, C. L., & Rubin, M. (2020). Sexualized Popular Music and Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Emerging Adults from the United States and Australia. Howard Journal of Communications, 31(1), 1-19.
Wright, P. J. (2015). Americans’ attitudes toward premarital sex and pornography consumption: A national panel analysis. Archives of sexual behavior, 44(1), 89-97.
Wright, P. J., Herbenick, D., Paul, B., & Tokunaga, R. S. (2023). U.S. Parents Underestimate Their Children’s Pornography Use and Learning. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 52(1), 373-383. doi:10.1007/s10508-022-02449-7
Wright, P. J., Malamuth, N. M., & Donnerstein, E. (2012). Research on sex in the media: What do we know about effects on children and adolescents? In D. G. Singer & J. L. Singer (eds.), Handbook of children and the media (pp. 273–302). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Ybarra, M. L., Mitchell, K. J., Hamburger, M., Diener‐West, M., & Leaf, P. J. (2011). X‐rated material and perpetration of sexually aggressive behavior among children and adolescents: is there a link?. Aggressive Behavior, 37(1), 1-18.
Ybarra, M.L., and K.J. Mitchell. (2005). Exposure to Internet Pornography among Children and Adolescents: A National Survey. CyberPsychology & Behavior, Oct., Vol. 8 No. 5: 473-486.
Yu, C., Kågesten, A. E., De Meyer, S., Moreau, C., van Reeuwijk, M., & Lou, C. (2021). Pornography use and perceived gender norms among young adolescents in urban poor environments: A cross-site study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 69(1), S31-S38.
Zurcher, J. D. (2017). Exploring descriptive norms of parent-child communication about pornography among parents of middle-schoolers in the US. Journal of Children and Media, 11(4), 381-398. doi:10.1080/17482798.2017.1312471