i) Child Abuse Material (‘child pornography’)

Alexy, E.M., Burgess, A.W., & Prentky, R.A. (2009). Pornography use as a risk marker for an aggressive pattern of behavior among sexually reactive children and adolescents. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 14(6),442-453.

Beech, A., Elliot, I., Birgden, A. & Findlater, D. (2008). The Internet and child sexual offending: A criminological review. Aggression and Violent Behaviour, 13, 216-228.

Bourke, M. & Hernandez, A. (2009) The ‘Butner Study’ Redux: A Report of the Incidence of Hands-on Child Victimization by Child Pornography Offenders. Journal of Family Violence, 24(3), 183-191.

Bray, Abigail, and Melinda Tankard Reist. (eds.). (2011). Big Porn Inc: Exposing the Harms of the Global Porn Industry. Melbourne: Spinifex Press.
PART 3: HARMING CHILDREN .
Diana E.H. Russell / Russell’s Theory: Exposure to Child Pornography as a Cause of Child Sexual Victimization
Caroline S. Taylor / The Pornification of Intrafamilial Rape
Caroline Norma / Teaching Tools and Recipe Books: Pornography and the Sexual Assault of Children
Helen Pringle / Civil Justice for Victims of Child Pornography.
‘Amy’ / The Victimisation of Children by Pornography: Victim Impact Statement of Amy.

Brown, R., & Bricknell, S. (2018). What is the profile of child exploitation material offenders?. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, (564), 1-14.Brown, R., & Bricknell, S. (2018). What is the profile of child exploitation material offenders?. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, (564), 1-14.

Chase, Elaine, and June Statham. (2005). Commercial and sexual exploitation of children and young people in the UK: A review. Child Abuse Review, Volume 14, Number 1, January: 4-25.

Christensen, L.S., & Tsagaris, G. (2020). Offenders convicted of child sexual exploitation material offences: Characteristics of offenders and an exploration of judicial censure. Psychiatry, Psychology & Law.

Creighton, S.J. (2003). Child Pornography: Images of the abuse of children. London: NSPCC.

Dines, Gail. (2008). Childified Women: How the Mainstream Porn Industry Sells Child Pornography to Men. In Sexualization of Childhood. Ed. Sharna Olfman, Praeger Press.

Eggins E et al. (2021). Criminal justice responses to child sexual abuse material offending: A systematic review and evidence and gap map. Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 623. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi623

Eggins, E., Mazerolle, L., Higginson, A., Hine, L., Walsh, K., Sydes, M., ... & Williams, J. (2021). Criminal justice responses to child sexual abuse material offending: A systematic review and evidence and gap map. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice [electronic resource], (623), 1-18.Eggins, E., Mazerolle, L., Higginson, A., Hine, L., Walsh, K., Sydes, M., ... & Williams, J. (2021). Criminal justice responses to child sexual abuse material offending: A systematic review and evidence and gap map. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice [electronic resource], (623), 1-18.

Fortin, F., Paquette, S., & Dupont, B. (2018). From online to offline sexual offending: Episodes and obstacles. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 39, 33-41.Fortin, F., Paquette, S., & Dupont, B. (2018). From online to offline sexual offending: Episodes and obstacles. Aggression and violent behavior, 39, 33-41.

Garman, J. D. (2021). Child Pornography: An Examination of Pornography Use across the Lifespan (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nebraska at Omaha).Garman, J. D. (2021). Child Pornography: An Examination of Pornography Use across the Lifespan (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nebraska at Omaha).

Garrington, C., Rickwood, D., Chamberlain, P., & Boer, D. P. (2018). A systematic review of risk variables for child abuse material offenders. Journal of Forensic Practice.Garrington, C., Rickwood, D., Chamberlain, P., & Boer, D. P. (2018). A systematic review of risk variables for child abuse material offenders. Journal of forensic practice.

Gillespie, A. A. (2005). Indecent images of children: the ever-changing law. Child Abuse Review, 14(6): 430-443.

Gillespie, A. A. (2008). Adolescents accessing indecent images of children. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 14(2): 111 - 122.

Gillespie, Alisdair A. (2005). Indecent images of children: The ever-changing law. Child Abuse Review, Volume 14, Number 6, November, pp. 430-443.

Gottfried, E. D., Shier, E. K., & Mulay, A. L. (2020). Child pornography and online sexual solicitation. Current psychiatry Reports, 22(3), 1-8.Gottfried, E. D., Shier, E. K., & Mulay, A. L. (2020). Child pornography and online sexual solicitation. Current psychiatry reports, 22(3), 1-8.

Healy, Margaret A. (2004). Child Pornography: An international perspective. Computer Crime Research Center, August 02. URL: http://www.crime-research.org/articles/536.

Houtepen, J. A. B. M., Sijtsema, J. J., & Bogaerts, S. (2014). From child pornography offending to child sexual abuse: A review of child pornography offender characteristics and risks for cross-over. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(5), 466-473. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.07.011

Houtepen, J. A. B. M., Sijtsema, J. J., & Bogaerts, S. (2014). From child pornography offending to child sexual abuse: A review of child pornography offender characteristics and risks for cross-over. Aggression and violent behavior, 19(5), 466-473. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.07.011

Hurley, R., Prusty, S., Soroush, H., Walls, R., Albrecht, J., Cecchet, E., Levine, B., Liberatore, M., & Lynn, B. (2012). Measurement and Analysis of Child Pornography Trafficking on Gnutella and eMule. Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts: Amherst, US.

Jenkins, Philip. (2001). Beyond Tolerance: Child Pornography on the Internet. New York & London: New York University Press.

Johnson, S. A. (2015). Child pornography users & child contact offenders: applications for law enforcement, prosecution and forensic mental health. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 17(4), 666-669.Johnson, S. A. (2015). Child pornography users & child contact offenders: applications for law enforcement, prosecution and forensic mental health. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 17(4), 666-669.

Kelly, L. and L. Regan (2000). Sexual exploitation of children in europe: Child pornography. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 6(1): 6 - 28.

Kingston, D.A., Fedoroff, P., Firestone, P., Curry, S., & Bradford, J.M. (2008). Pornography use and sexual aggression: The impact of frequency and type of pornography use on recidivism among sexual offenders. Aggressive Behavior, 34, 341-351.

Kingston, D.A., Malamuth, N.M., Fedoroff, P., & Marshall, W.L. (2009). The importance of individual differences in pornography use: theoretical perspectives and implications for treating sexual offenders. Journal of Sex Research, 46(2-3), 216–232.

Kleijn, M., & Bogaerts, S. (2020). Sexual offending pathways and chat conversations in an online environment. Sexual Abuse, 1079063220981061.Kleijn, M., & Bogaerts, S. (2020). Sexual offending pathways and chat conversations in an online environment. Sexual Abuse, 1079063220981061.

Krone, Tony. (2004). A Typology of Online Child Pornography Offending. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 279, July. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.

Leary, M.G. (2007-2008). Self-produced child pornography: The appropriate societal response to juvenile self-sexual exploitation. Virginia Journal of Social Policy & the Law, 15(1), 1-50.

Leary, M.G. (2010). Sexting or self-produced child pornography? The dialogue continues – Structured prosecutorial discretion within a multidisciplinary response. Virginia Journal of Social Policy & the Law, 17(3), 486-566.

Levy, Neil. (2002). Virtual Child Pornography. Ethics and Information Technology, 4, pp. 319-323.

Livingstone, S., Görzig, A., & Kjartan, O. (2011). Disadvantaged children and online risk. London, UK: EU Kids Online.

Martellozzo, E., Nehring, D., & Taylor, H. Online child sexual abuse by female offenders: An Exploratory study. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 4(1&2), 592–609.

May-Chahal, C., & Kelly, E. (2020). Online Child Sexual Victimisation. Policy Press.

McCabe, Kimberley A. (2000). Child Pornography and the Internet. Social Science Computer Review, 18(1), Spring, pp. 73-76.

McLelland, Mark, and Seunghyun Yoo. (2007). The International Yaoi Boys’ Love Fandom and the Regulation of Virtual Child Pornography: The Implications of Current Legislation. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 4(1), March: 93-104.

McQuade. S. (2009). Cybercrime, in M. Tonry (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 475-498.

Merdian, H., Wilson, N. & Boer, D. (2009). Characteristics of Internet sexual offenders: a review. Sexual Abuse in Australia and New Zealand, 2(1), 34-47.

Mirkin, H. (2009). The Social, Political, and Legal Construction of the Concept of Child Pornography. Journal of Homosexuality 56(2): 233-267.

Morgan, S. (2015). Understanding Individuals who Access Sexualised Images of Children. PhD thesis, University of Auckland.

Morgan, S. (2015). Understanding Individuals who Access Sexualised Images of Children (Doctoral dissertation, ResearchSpace@ Auckland).

Morgan, S., & Lambie, I. (2019). Understanding men who access sexualised images of children: Exploratory interviews with offenders. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 25(1), 60-73.Morgan, S., & Lambie, I. (2019). Understanding men who access sexualised images of children: Exploratory interviews with offenders. Journal of sexual aggression, 25(1), 60-73.

Moritz, D., & Christensen, L.S. (2020). When sexting conflicts with child sexual abuse material: The legal and social consequences for children. Psychiatry, Psychology & Law. doi: 10.1080/13218719.2020.1742242.

Niveau, G. (2010). Cyber-pedocriminality: Characteristics of a sample of internet child pornography offenders. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34, 570-575.

O’Donnell, I. & Milner, C. (2007). Child pornography: Crime, Computers and Society. Cullompton, UK: Willan Publishing.

Penfold, Carolyn. (2005). Child pornography laws: the luck of the locale. Alternative Law Journal, v. 30 no. 3, June, pp. 123-125, 140.

Quayle, E. (2021). Online Sexual Deviance and Pedophilia. Sexual Deviance: Understanding, Assessing and Managing Deviant Sexual Interests and Paraphilic Disorders, 222.Quayle, E. (2021). Online Sexual Deviance and Pedophilia. Sexual Deviance: Understanding, Assessing and Managing Deviant Sexual Interests and Paraphilic Disorders, 222.

Quayle, E., & Cooper, K. (2015). The role of child sexual abuse images in coercive and non-coercive relationships with adolescents: A thematic review of the literature. Child & Youth Services, [ahead-of-print]. DOI:10.1080/0145935X.2015.1092840Quayle, E., & Cooper, K. (2015). The role of child sexual abuse images in coercive and non-coercive relationships with adolescents: A thematic review of the literature. Child & Youth Services, [ahead-of-print]. DOI:10.1080/0145935X.2015.1092840

Quayle, E., & Koukopoulos, N. (2019). Deterrence of online child sexual abuse and exploitation. Policing (Oxford), 13(3), 345-362. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pay028

Quayle, E., & Newman, E. (2015). The role of sexual images in online and offline sexual behaviour with minors. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(6), 43.Quayle, E., & Newman, E. (2015). The role of sexual images in online and offline sexual behaviour with minors. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(6), 43.

Quayle, E., and T. Jones. (2011). Sexualized Images of Children on the Internet. Sex Abuse, 23(1): 7-21.

Renold, Emma. (2002). Child Pornography: A review of the evidence. London: NSPCC.

Rettinger, L. Jill. (2000). The Relationship Between Child Pornography and the Commission of Sexual Offences Against Children: A review of the literature. Canada: Report to the Department of Justice Canada.

Rimer, J. R. (2020). Discipline as prevention: psychoeducational strategies in internet sexual offending group programs. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 0306624X20952389.

Salter M et al. (2021). Production and distribution of child sexual abuse material by parental figures. Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 616. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi616

Schell, B. H., M. V. Martin, P. C. K. Hung and L. Rueda (2007). Cyber child pornography: A review paper of the social and legal issues and remedies--and a proposed technological solution. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(1): 45-63.

Schell, B.H., M.V. Martin, P.C.K. Hung, and L. Rueda. (2007). Cyber child pornography: A review paper of the social and legal issues and remedies--and a proposed technological solution. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(1): 45-63.

Seto, M., Hermann, C., Kjellgren, C., Priebe, G., Svedin, C., & Långström, N. (2015). Viewing Child Pornography: Prevalence and Correlates in a Representative Community Sample of Young Swedish Men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(1), 67-79. doi:10.1007/s10508-013-0244-4

Seto, M.C. & Lalumie`re, M.L. (2010). What is so special about male adolescent sexual offending? A review and test of explanations through meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136(4), 526-575.

Seto, M.C., Cantor, J.M., & Blanchard, R. (2006). Child pornography offenses are a valid diagnostic indicator of pedophilia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(3), 610-615.

Seto, M.C., Reeves, L., & Jung, S. (2010). Explanations given by child pornography offenders for their crimes. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 16(2), 169-180.

Steel, C. M., Newman, E., O'Rourke, S., & Quayle, E. (2020). A systematic review of cognitive distortions in online child sexual exploitation material offenders. Aggression and violent behavior, 51, 101375.Steel, C. M., Newman, E., O'Rourke, S., & Quayle, E. (2020). A systematic review of cognitive distortions in online child sexual exploitation material offenders. Aggression and violent behavior, 51, 101375.

Steely, M., Ten Bensel, T., Bratton, T., & Lytle, R. (2018). All part of the process? A qualitative examination of change in online child pornography behaviors. Criminal Justice Studies, 31(3), 279-296.Tate, Tim. (1990). Child Pornography: An Investigation. London: Methuen.

Taylor Max, and Ethel Quayle. (2003). Child pornography: An internet crime. Hove: Brunner-Routledge.

Taylor, Max, Ethel Quayle, and Gemma Holland. (2001). Child Pornography, the Internet and Offending. ISUMA, 2(2), Summer.

ten Bensel, T., & Lytle, R. All Part of the Process? A Qualitative Examination of Change in Online Child Pornography Behaviors.

van Wijk, A., & van Esseveldt, J. (2021). Criminal Careers of Extrajudicial Child Sexual Exploitation Material Users; a Longitudinal and Comparative Study. Journal of Crime and Criminal Behavior, 1(1), 53-68.

Warner, K. (2010). Sentencing for child pornography. Australian Law Journal, 84, 1-12.

Webb, J. & Craissati, S. (2007). Characteristics of Internet child pornography offenders: a comparison with child molesters. Sex Abuse, 19, 449-465.

Wolak, J, Finkelhor D, Mitchell K. (2011). Child Pornography Possessors: Trends in Offender and Case Characteristics. Sex Abuse, 23(1): 22-42.

Wolak, J., Finkelhor, D., Mitchell, K. & Ybarra, M. (2008). Online “predators” and their victims: myths, realities, and implications for prevention and treatment. American Psychologist, 63(2), 111-128.

Wolak, J., Mitchell, K., & Finkelhor, D. (2007). Unwanted and wanted exposure to online pornography in a national sample of youth Internet users. Pediatrics, 119(2), 247-257.

Wortley, R. (2010). Child pornography. In M. Natarajan (ed.), International Crime and Justice. USA: Cambridge University Press, 178-184.

Wortley, R., and S. Smallbone. (2006). Problem-oriented policing guide: Internet child pornography. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice.

Yvonne Jewkes, and Carol Andrews. (2005). Policing the filth: The problems of investigating online child pornography in England and Wales. Policing and Society, Volume 15, Number 1, March: 42-62.